This paper presents a productivity argument for investing in disadvantaged young children. For such investment, there is no equity-efficiency tradeoff.Das klingt doch sehr nach Herstellung von Chanchengleichheit. Noch mehr gefällt mir ein Teil aus Flavio Cunha, James J. Heckman, Lance Lochner, Dimitriy V. Masterov (2005) Interpreting the Evidence on Life Cycle Skill Formation, IZA Discussion Paper No. 1675, den ich Fett unterlegt habe:
Our analysis demonstrates the quantitative insignificance of credit constraints in the college-going years in explaining child college enrollment. Controlling for cognitive ability, under current meritocratic policies in American society, family income during the child’s college-going years plays only a minor role in determining child college participation, although much public policy is predicated on precisely the opposite point of view. Abilities (and skills) are formed over time, and the early periods in a child’s life cycle are crucial for development. Augmenting family income only in the time period when a child goes to college will not make up for suboptimal investment in the 18 years before. (...)Und by the way. Herr Heckman war Nobelpreisträger 2000. Wichtiger vielleicht für die politische Diskussion: Er gilt als "konservativer - libertärer" Chicago Boy.
Carneiro and Heckman (2002, 2003) present evidence for the United States that only a small fraction (at most 8%) of the families of American adolescents are credit constrained in making their college decisions. The quantitatively important constraints facing disadvantaged children are the ones determining their early environments–parental background, and the like. The empirically important market failure in the life cycle of child skill formation is the inability of children to buy their parents or the lifetime resources that parents provide, and not the inability of families to secure loans for a child’s education when the child is an adolescent. Our analysis has major implications for the way policies should be designed in order to help low income and disadvantaged populations. Evidence from disadvantaged populations demonstrates that enriched early interventions can raise measured ability and other skills.
Und auf deutsch zusammengefasst: Der freie Hochschulzugang kostet, bringt in Österreich verteilungspolitisch wenig - die Selektion findet früher statt. Förderung zu einem früherem Zeitpunkt ist billiger und bringt verteilungspolitisch mehr.
* also eines das ich verstehe ;-).