Ball meint im wesentlichen, dass ein Inflationsziel von 2% zu niedrig sei, denn in Rezessionen würde die Inflation ohnehin zurückgehen, sodass dies den wirtschaftspolitischen Spielraum mehr als notwendig einschränkt:
During past recessions, the Fed has reduced interest rates and kept reducing them until unemployment fell to an acceptable level. But cutting interest rates has not been feasible since 2008. With nominal rates already near zero, they cannot fall farther. Nobody would lend at a negative interest rate because one can do better by holding cash.
As the US recession spread around the world, many other central banks reduced interest rates to 1% or less. Like the US, their economies are stuck in the ‘liquidity trap’ described by Keynes (1936). Unemployment is high and policymakers cannot reduce it with interest-rate cuts.
In general, a higher inflation target reduces the zero-bound problem. In long run equilibrium, a higher inflation rate implies that nominal-interest rates are also higher – the Fisher effect. When a recession occurs, rates can fall by more before hitting zero, making it more likely that policymakers can restore full employment.
Dagegen spricht die These, dass höhe Inflation zu höherer Inflation führen muss. Allerdings ist dies nicht ganz einleuchtend, wenn die Zentralbank dies der öffentlichkeit gut motivieren kann:
Bernanke and Mishkin argue that a central bank should determine its optimal policy, explain this policy to the public, and carry it out. Why can’t policymakers explain that the zero-bound problem makes 4% inflation desirable, raise inflation to 4%, and keep it there? Mishkin points to the 1960s, when inflation rose to 4% and the Fed let it keep rising, but why must policymakers repeat that mistake?Nicht uninteressant und eine Alternative zur unkonventionellen Geldpolitik, dieja auch wieder Umverteilungswirkungen hat. Gefährlich sind hier weniger die Missverständnisse zur Inflation als die kalte Progression. Eine gesetzliche Anpassung der Steuersätze an die Inflation (wie in der Schweiz oder auch Frankreich und Kanada) wäre dann nicht nur eine Möglichkeit sondern auch empfehlenswert.
History does not suggest that it would be “difficult to tie down expectations” if inflation rises modestly. Inflation expectations, as measured by surveys, have generally followed actual inflation with a lag. They followed inflation up during the 1960s and 70s, and after that they followed inflation down. If inflation rises to 4%, it seems unlikely that expectations will overshoot this level.
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